Mapa cognitiu

Un mapa cognitiu és un tipus de representació mental que serveix a un individu per adquirir, codificar, emmagatzemar, recordar i descodificar informació sobre les ubicacions relatives i els atributs dels fenòmens en el seu entorn espacial quotidià o metafòric. El concepte va ser introduït per Edward Tolman el 1948.^[1] Va intentar explicar el comportament de les rates que semblaven aprendre la disposició espacial d'un laberint i, posteriorment, el concepte es va aplicar a altres animals, inclosos els humans. El terme va ser generalitzat posteriorment per alguns investigadors, especialment en el camp de la investigació operativa, per referir-se a una mena de xarxa semàntica que representa els coneixements o esquemes personals d'un individu.^[2]^[3]^[4]

↑ Tolman, Edward C. Psychological Review, 55, 4, July 1948, pàg. 189–208. DOI: 10.1037/h0061626. PMID: 18870876.
↑ Eden, Colin European Journal of Operational Research, 36, 1, July 1988, pàg. 1–13. DOI: 10.1016/0377-2217(88)90002-1. «In the practical setting of work in with a team of busy managers cognitive mapping is a tool for building interest from all team members in the problem solving activity. [...] The cycle of problem construction, making sense, defining the problem, and declaring a portfolio of solutions, which I have discussed elsewhere (Eden, 1982) is the framework that guides the process of working with teams. Thus building and working with the cognitive maps of each individual is primarily aimed at helping each team member reflectively 'construct' and 'make sense' of the situation they believe the team is facing. (pp. 7–8)»
↑ Fiol, C. Marlene; Huff, Anne Sigismund Journal of Management Studies, 29, 3, May 1992, pàg. 267–285. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1992.tb00665.x. «For geographers, a map is a means of depicting the world so that people understand where they are and where they can go. For cognitive researchers, who often use the idea of a 'map' as an analogy, the basic idea is the same. Cognitive maps are graphic representations that locate people in relation to their information environments. Maps provide a frame of reference for what is known and believed. They highlight some information and fail to include other information, either because it is deemed less important, or because it is not known. (p. 267)»
↑ Ambrosini, Véronique. «Mapping successful organizational routines». A: Huff. Mapping strategic knowledge (en anglès). London; Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2002, p. 19–45. ISBN 0761969497. OCLC 47900801.

[pmid18870876-1] Tolman, Edward C. Psychological Review, 55, 4, July 1948, pàg. 189–208. DOI: 10.1037/h0061626. PMID: 18870876.

[2] Eden, Colin European Journal of Operational Research, 36, 1, July 1988, pàg. 1–13. DOI: 10.1016/0377-2217(88)90002-1. «In the practical setting of work in with a team of busy managers cognitive mapping is a tool for building interest from all team members in the problem solving activity. [...] The cycle of problem construction, making sense, defining the problem, and declaring a portfolio of solutions, which I have discussed elsewhere (Eden, 1982) is the framework that guides the process of working with teams. Thus building and working with the cognitive maps of each individual is primarily aimed at helping each team member reflectively 'construct' and 'make sense' of the situation they believe the team is facing. (pp. 7–8)»

[3] Fiol, C. Marlene; Huff, Anne Sigismund Journal of Management Studies, 29, 3, May 1992, pàg. 267–285. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1992.tb00665.x. «For geographers, a map is a means of depicting the world so that people understand where they are and where they can go. For cognitive researchers, who often use the idea of a 'map' as an analogy, the basic idea is the same. Cognitive maps are graphic representations that locate people in relation to their information environments. Maps provide a frame of reference for what is known and believed. They highlight some information and fail to include other information, either because it is deemed less important, or because it is not known. (p. 267)»

[4] Ambrosini, Véronique. «Mapping successful organizational routines». A: Huff. Mapping strategic knowledge (en anglès). London; Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2002, p. 19–45. ISBN 0761969497. OCLC 47900801.

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